Git & GitHub #
Published: May 11, 2026

While Git is a local version control system, GitHub is a cloud-based platform for hosting Git repositories.

Files & Folders #

Git

README.md
.gitignore
.gitattributes

GitHub Actions
- .github/workflows

Git Command Lines #

git version
git config list --show-origin
Lists system, global, and local configurations and their origin.
git config --global user.name <name>
git config --global user.email <email>
git clone <url>

git init
git status
git stash
Cuts the changes in the current project and pastes them into the stash archive.
- git stash push <file-name>
  Cuts the changes in the specified file and pastes them into the stash archive.
- git stash list
  Lists all stashes.
- git stash show
  Shows the changes in the latest stash.
- git stash pop
  Cuts the latest stash in the stash archive and pastes it into the current project.
- git stash apply
  Copies the latest stash in the stash archive into the current project.
- git stash drop
  Deletes the latest stash in the stash archive.
git add .
Stages all changes.
git commit
Creates a commit with all staged changes.
One task per commit. Avoid combining multiple tasks into a single commit.
git revert <commit-id>
Creates a commit that undoes the changes of the specified commit.
git reset <commit-id>
Deletes all commits after the specified commit, keeps the changes unstaged, and preserves the specified commit. This has the implicit --mixed flag, which is the default.
- git reset --soft <commit-id>
  Deletes all commits after the specified commit, keeps the changes staged, and preserves the specified commit.
- git reset --hard <commit-id>
  Deletes all commits after the specified commit, also deletes the changes, and preserves the specified commit.
git log
Lists the commit history.
- git log -S <string>
  Finds commits where the specified string was added or removed.
git show
Shows the latest commit with its diff.

git branch
Lists all local branches.
- git branch --verbose (-v)
  Lists all local branches verbosely.
- git branch --verbose --verbose (-vv)
  Lists all local branches more verbosely.
- git branch --all (-a)
  Lists all local branches and remote repository branches.
- git branch <branch-name>
  Creates the specified branch.
- git branch --delete (-d) <branch-name>
  Deletes the specified branch.
- git branch --move (-m) <specified-branch-name> <new-branch-name>
  Renames the specified branch.
git checkout
Shows a brief status of the current branch.
- git checkout <branch-name>, git switch <branch-name>
  Moves from the current branch to the specified branch.
  Uncommited changes are carried over to the specified branch if there is no conflict.
- git checkout -, git switch -
  Moves to the previous branch or commit.
- git checkout -b <branch-name>, git switch --create (-c) <branch-name>
  Creates the specified branch and moves to it.
- git checkout <commit-id>, git switch --detach <commit-id>
  Moves the HEAD directly to the specified commit without being attached to any branch.
- git checkout -- <file-name>, git restore <file-name>
  Restores the specified file to the last commit state.
git merge <branch-name>
Merges the specified branch into the current branch.
- git merge --abort
  Aborts the paused merge process due to conflicts and restores the current branch to its pre-merge state.
- git merge --continue
  Resumes the paused merge process after resolving conflicts and staging the resolved changes.
git rebase <branch-name>
Cuts the commits of the current branch that diverge from the specified branch and pastes them onto the specified branch to create a linear history. After rebasing, the specified branch should be fast-forward merged.
- git rebase --abort
  Aborts the paused rebase process due to conflicts and restores the current branch to its pre-rebase state.
- git rebase --continue
  Resumes the paused rebase process after resolving conflicts and staging the resolved changes.

git remote
Lists all remote repository aliases.

git remote --verbose (-v)
Lists all remote repository aliases and their URLs.
git remote add <remote-repository-alias> <remote-repository-url>
Creates the alias for the remote repository and connects the current project to it.
git remote remove (rm) <remote-repository-alias>
Disconnects the current project from the specified remote repository.
git remote set-url <remote-repository-alias> <remote-repository-url>
Updates the URL of the specified remote repository.

git push <remote-repository-alias> <branch-name>
Uploads the local branch to the remote repository branch that has the same name as the local branch. If the local and remote names are different, <branch-name> will be <local-branch-name>:<remote-repository-branch-name>
- git push --set-upstream (-u) <remote-repository-alias> <branch-name>
  Uploads and remembers this connection. Thereafter, you can simply run git push, git fetch, or git pull without arguments.
git fetch <remote-repository-alias> <remote-branch-name>
Downloads the changes from the specified remote repository branch without merging them.
git pull <remote-repository-alias> <remote-branch-name>
Downloads the changes from the specified remote repository branch and merges them into the current branch.

GitHub Actions #

GitHub Actions is a continuous integration and continuous deployment (CI/CD) service.

GitHub Actions provides secrets, variables, artifacts, and outputs.

GitHub Actions consists of workflows. Workflows are triggered by events and have one or more jobs.

Jobs run on a runner and have one or more steps. Jobs run in parallel by default but can run sequentially by specifying needs.

Steps execute a shell command, a custom action, or a third-party action. Steps run in order.

Errors #

Korean comments are broken in GitHub.

The connection between a local repository and GitHub is broken.